Insights & Thought Leadership
Practical articles on industrial cybersecurity, functional safety, and the standards that govern them. Written by practitioners for practitioners.
IEC 62443-4 and the Cyber Resilience Act: What's the Gap?
Implementing IEC 62443-4-1 and 62443-4-2? Here's exactly what's still missing for CRA compliance and CE marking – a gap analysis.
IEC 62443 Security Levels Explained: SL-C, SL-T, and SL-A
The three types of Security Level in IEC 62443 — Capability, Target, and Achieved — are often confused. Here's how they differ and why the distinction matters for your IACS risk assessment.
A Practical Guide to Zone and Conduit Modeling in OT Networks
Zone and conduit modeling is the core structural concept in IEC 62443-3-2. This guide walks through how to define meaningful zones, assign SL-T values, and design conduits that enforce security boundaries without breaking operations.
IEC 61508 vs IEC 61511: Which Standard Applies to You?
The relationship between the umbrella IEC 61508 standard and the process-industry-specific IEC 61511 confuses many practitioners. Here's a clear breakdown of scope, applicability, and how to navigate both.
Why OT Asset Inventory is Step Zero for Any Security Program
You can't protect what you can't see. Building a reliable OT asset inventory is harder than in IT — passive discovery, engineering workstations, legacy PLCs — but it's non-negotiable. Here's how we approach it.
Stationary Robots and the SRCI Technology
With SRCI and PROFInet, integrating stationary robots into production lines is simpler than ever — increasing flexibility, reducing engineering effort, and shaping the future of automation.